Schemes / trading/crypto

AI and automated trading bots

VerdictPays skilled, funded operators

Bot profits are real but go mostly to firms and funded operators with coding skill, low fees and years of record. Of year-old public trading pools on Hyperliquid, run by bot or by hand, 36.7% are in profit and the middle one is down 30.7%.

Researched 7 October 202647 tweets collected4 min readResearched, written and checked by AI agents. A person approved publication
In numbers

The claim“$35K from $100 last night”

From a tweet with 13,555 views. The most-viewed, $71,500 on bitcoin, gives no starting sum or period.

  1. 1$1,000 a month needs
    100% a month

    Monthly gain a $1,000 account needs; Taiwan's best 500 day traders, by hand, made about 8%1

  2. 2What usually happens
    36.7%

    Of 218 year-old public Hyperliquid pools, by bot or hand, in profit; middle one down 30.7%79

  3. 3The upside
    +77% or more

    Gain over 1 to 3.4 years of the top tenth of year-old Hyperliquid pools (our estimate)79

  4. 4What it costs
    13.5% a month

    Fees on a bot that opens and closes five positions a day on Hyperliquid (our estimate)8

The claim

“I built a simple strategy using ChatGPT and made $71,500 trading $BTC

You can build the same trading bot in just 10 minutes”

@rektfencer, 24 April 2024, 1,769,357 views1

“I wrote a Bot, that’s made me $35K from $100 last night. This isn’t clickbait—just an AI Trading Bot powered by DeepSeek.”

@piyascode9, 25 September 2026, 13,555 views1

A trading bot is a program that buys and sells in your account by rule. In the most-viewed version, an AI coding tool writes the bot from a ready-made prompt1.

The sums

The first tweet gives no starting sum and no period1. The second implies about 350 times the stake in one night (our sum)1.

The accounts in the tweets are $68 to $1,0001. To pay $1,000 a month, the largest must gain 100% a month (our sum)1. The best 500 day traders in Taiwan, who traded by hand, earned about 8% a month after fees (our sum)20.

On the crypto exchange Hyperliquid, a bot that opens and closes five positions a day with orders filled at once pays about 13.5% of the account a month in fees (our estimate, on an assumed trade count)8.

What happens to most people who try

The upside

For a competent newcomer with a slow bot, the likely first year is a result somewhat below simply holding the asset; with a fast or leveraged bot, a loss (our estimate)7497. A good result, not the likely one, is to be among the roughly one in three year-old pools in profit79. On $5,000, the gains of the top quarter to top tenth would be about $1,000 to $3,900 (our sum)79. Not a wage.

What it takes to compete

How to tell early: set a month of fees against your account size, judge the bot over months, compare it with simply holding, and never give a bought bot an access key that allows withdrawals54.

Who else makes money from it

The exchange is paid on every trade, win or lose8. Hyperliquid pays a referrer “10% of referred users’ fees”52. A pool leader there takes 10% of depositors’ profits81.

Regulators’ cases concern a different situation: money sent to someone else’s bot or pool4.

The full researchEvery figure, every source, and what we could not verifyAbout 16,100 words · 107 sources →
Sources (107)
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  14. Binance fee schedule. https://www.binance.com/en/fee/schedule . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 (spot rate only; the futures rate was not confirmed).
  15. 3Commas pricing. https://3commas.io/pricing . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  16. TradingView pricing. https://www.tradingview.com/pricing/ . Undated page, prices shown in euros. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  17. Claude pricing. https://claude.com/pricing . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Running-cost sums are our estimate.
  18. Cryptohopper pricing, https://www.cryptohopper.com/pricing (undated), and affiliate programme article, https://www.cryptohopper.com/blog/how-does-the-cryptohopper-multi-level-affiliate-program-work-7533 (2022-08-22, modified 2025-01-15). Read at source on 2026-10-07.
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  20. Barber, Lee, Liu and Odean, "The Cross-Section of Speculator Skill: Evidence from Day Trading". Working paper, https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/odean/papers/day%20traders/Day%20Trading%20Skill%20110523.pdf , May 2011; published abstract (Journal of Financial Markets), https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finmar/v18y2014icp1-24.html , 2014. Abstracts read at source on 2026-10-07. The page quotes the published version; the working paper gives lower figures, 49.5 (28.1) basis points. On the second pass (2026-10-07) the working paper's full text was read from the PDF, for the 13% and 1,000-of-360,000 figures.
  21. SEBI press release PR No. 37/2024. https://www.sebi.gov.in/media-and-notifications/press-releases/sep-2024/updated-sebi-study-reveals-93-of-individual-traders-incurred-losses-in-equity-fando-between-fy22-and-fy24-aggregate-losses-exceed-1-8-lakh-crores-over-three-years_86906.html . 2024-09-23. Read at source on 2026-10-07: headline, date and number only; the body did not load, directly or through r.jina.ai.
  22. Moneylife, on the SEBI study. https://www.moneylife.in/article/93-percentage-of-individual-traders-lost-rs18-lakh-crore-in-equity-fo-in-past-3-years-sebi/75210.html . 2024-09-23. Secondary. Dollar conversions are our estimate.
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  24. TradingQnA (the broker Zerodha's forum), on the SEBI study. https://tradingqna.com/t/sebis-latest-analysis-of-profits-losses-in-the-equity-derivatives-segment-fy22-fy24/173596 . 2024-09-23. Secondary.
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  26. Business Today, on SEBI's FY26 study. https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/story/rs91685-cr-lost-88-of-individual-traders-lost-money-in-fy26-options-drove-92-of-losses-550474-2026-08-21 . 2026-08-21. Secondary.
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  28. ESMA, "ESMA agrees to prohibit binary options and restrict CFDs to protect retail investors". https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-agrees-prohibit-binary-options-and-restrict-cfds-protect-retail-investors (also https://www.esma.europa.eu/node/84933 ). 2018-03-27. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  29. IG, CFD trading page. https://www.ig.com/en/cfd-trading . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. The percentage changes over time.
  30. ForkLog, on Alpha Arena season 1. https://forklog.com/en/four-out-of-six-ai-models-suffer-losses-in-trading-tournament/amp . November 2025. Secondary.
  31. GNcrypto, on Alpha Arena season 1 (in Russian). https://www.gncrypto.news/ru/news/qwen-wins-alpha-arena-season-1-with-22-percent-returns/ . 2025-11-04. Secondary.
  32. Decrypt, on Alpha Arena three days in. https://decrypt.co/345006/ai-crypto-trading-showdown-deepseek-grok-winning-gemini-implodes . 2025-10-20. Secondary (news report), read on 2026-10-07.
  33. Alpha Arena site, https://alphaarena.ai , season ended 2025-12-03, read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader (a direct fetch was refused); and ForkLog, https://forklog.com/en/ai-model-grok-4-2-triumphs-in-trading-tournament/ , 2025-12-08, secondary, read on 2026-10-07.
  34. Paper on on-chain AI investment agents (authors at Pantera Capital and Stanford). https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29174 . 2026-05-27. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Preprint.
  35. "Can LLM-based Financial Investing Strategies Outperform the Market in Long Run?". https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07078 . 2025-05-11, revised 2026-06-26. Abstract read at source on 2026-10-07.
  36. Lopez-Lira and Tang, "Can ChatGPT Forecast Stock Price Movements?". https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07619 . First posted April 2023, latest version 2025-10-28. Abstract read at source on 2026-10-07.
  37. Quantpedia, reproducing the abstract of Quantopian's study of 888 algorithms. https://quantpedia.com/quantopians-academic-paper-about-in-vs-out-of-sample-performance-of-trading-alg/ . 2016-05-04. Secondary; the paper's host refused us.
  38. pytrader, open-source bitcoin bot by "owocki". https://github.com/owocki/pytrader . 2016-03-26; shelved 2017-03-20. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Self-reported.
  39. tildalice.io, lessons from a machine-learning crypto bot. https://tildalice.io/ml-crypto-trading-bot-lessons/ . 2026-06-04. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch was refused. Self-reported; the page carries affiliate links.
  40. Indie Hackers post on running six bots. https://www.indiehackers.com/post/started-building-bots-because-i-was-scared-of-falling-behind-on-ai-ended-up-with-six-of-them-running-24-7-on-a-mac-mini-1c26e805cf . 2026-04-05. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Self-reported.
  41. Finance Magnates, https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/only-1-in-20-traders-pass-prop-firm-challenges-reports-the-funded-trader/ , 2025-03-18; and TradeInformer, https://www.tradeinformer.com/prop-weekly/what-ftmo-tells-us-about-prop-firm-finances , 2025-03-07. Secondary (industry statements relayed by trade press).
  42. Decrypt, on pump.fun wallets. https://decrypt.co/300403/pump-fun-traders-millionaires . 2025-01-10. Secondary.
  43. Yellow.com, on a DWF Ventures study of copy-trading wallets. https://yellow.com/news/fomo-copy-trading-94-percent-wallet-losses . 2026-08-28. Secondary; the study itself was not found.
  44. The Full FX, on Barclay CTA indexes: https://thefullfx.com/ctas-end-2025-on-a-positive-note/ , 2026-01-27 (2025 figure), and https://thefullfx.com/currency-managers-highlight-cta-performance-in-2023/ , 2024-01-24 (2023 figure). Secondary (trade press relaying the index publisher), both read on 2026-10-07.
  45. Virtu Financial, Form S-1 filed with the SEC. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001592386/000104746914002070/a2218589zs-1.htm . 2014-03-10. Read at source on 2026-10-07 (first part of the filing).
  46. Trading Strategy, Hyperliquid HLP vault page, https://tradingstrategy.ai/trading-view/vaults/hyperliquidity-provider-hlp , and vault listing, https://tradingstrategy.ai/trading-view/vaults . Live pages, 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Third-party analytics; a CoinGecko article seen only in search results gives different lifetime figures. Annualised and capital sums are our estimate.
  47. Freqtrade documentation. https://www.freqtrade.io/en/stable/ . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch was refused.
  48. Robinhood Customer Agreement, section 29. https://cdn.robinhood.com/assets/robinhood/legal/Robinhood-Customer-Agreement.pdf . Revised 2026-10-01. Read at source on 2026-10-07 (text extracted from the PDF).
  49. ACA Global, "FINRA ends the pattern day trader rule". https://www.acaglobal.com/industry-insights/finra-ends-the-pattern-day-trader-rule/ . 2026-05-06. Secondary.
  50. Federal Register, SEC Release No. 34-104572, notice of FINRA's proposed change to Rule 4210. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-01-14/html/2026-00519.htm . Release dated 2026-01-09, published 2026-01-14. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Proposal, not the final rule.
  51. Hyperliquid terms. https://app.hyperliquid.xyz/terms . Date not shown. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch returned an empty page. Quotes are fragments of clauses 1.6, 3.1.5 and 6.2.
  52. Hyperliquid docs, referrals and builder codes. https://hyperliquid.gitbook.io/hyperliquid-docs/referrals and https://hyperliquid.gitbook.io/hyperliquid-docs/trading/builder-codes . Undated pages. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  53. The Block, on Binance account bans. https://www.theblock.co/post/375278/binance-bans-more-than-600-accounts-over-unauthorized-third-party-tools . 2025-10-20. Secondary.
  54. Binance.US help, API key safety. https://support.binance.us/en/articles/9842812-binance-us-api-keys-best-practices-safety-tips . 2026-06-03. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  55. Cointelegraph, on the 3Commas key leak, https://cointelegraph.com/news/3commas-ceo-confirms-api-key-leak-following-warning-from-cz , 2022-12-28, news report read on 2026-10-07; and Halborn, https://halborn.com/explained-the-3commas-breach-december-2022/ , secondary, read on 2026-10-07, for the loss figure, which it takes from a CoinDesk report on an FBI investigation that we did not open.
  56. The Block, on the Banana Gun exploit and refund. https://www.theblock.co/post/318074/banana-gun-exploit-refund . 2024-09-25. Secondary.
  57. Cointelegraph, on a GitHub trading bot that stole wallet keys. https://cointelegraph.com/news/solana-trading-bot-github-malware-scam . 2025-07-04. Secondary (reports a SlowMist analysis we did not open).
  58. Sentora research article on the October 2025 liquidations. https://sentora.com/research/articles/structural-shifts-in-crypto-the-black-friday-drawdown-and-hyperliquid-s-bid-to-challenge-cexs . October 2025. Secondary.
  59. FCA, "FCA bans the sale of crypto-derivatives to retail consumers". https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-bans-sale-crypto-derivatives-retail-consumers . 2020-10-06. Read at source on 2026-10-07. For the 2025 change see [78].
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  61. Terms.law, guide to registration as a commodity trading advisor. https://terms.law/Trading-Legal/guides/cftc-cta-startup-kit.html . Date not checked. Secondary.
  62. WFTV, "What is agentic trading?". https://www.wftv.com/news/is-agentic-trading/NV64RNJKZQ2MXN4LWQNOY6DS7I/ . 2026. Secondary: search snippet only; the page was blocked to us.
  63. YouTube, Miles Deutscher Finance, "Jev + Claude Opus 5.5 = The Most Powerful AI Trading Bot Ever". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk7W7BKMwqo . 2026-09-24. Description read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. The video itself was not watched.
  64. Skool, "Miles Deutscher Finance" community page, https://www.skool.com/milesdeutscherfinance , and Skool pricing, https://www.skool.com/pricing . Undated pages. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  65. Whop, Miles High Club. https://whop.com/miles-high-club/miles-high-club/ . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. No member count is shown.
  66. Bybit affiliate programme FAQ. https://www.bybit.com/en/help-center/article/Bybit-Affiliate-Program-General-FAQ . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch timed out.
  67. MetaTrader 5 help, selling in the Market. https://www.metatrader5.com/en/terminal/help/market/market_sell . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  68. The Trading Hub, HALO sign-up page. https://discover.thetradinghub.com/opt-in-page . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Returns shown are the seller's claim; the fee shares are our estimate.
  69. LaborX freelance listing for custom bots. https://laborx.com/gigs/i-will-create-ai-openclaw-polymarket-bot-robinhood-bot-crypto-trading-bot-volume-bot-pumpfun-bot-122338 . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. Price shown as 750, payable in several crypto coins.
  70. blockedge.live. https://blockedge.live/ . Tried on 2026-10-07; refused directly and through r.jina.ai. The link destinations were followed by our agents; the tweet count is our estimate from [1].
  71. Tutorial for the Based Telegram bot. https://intercom.help/actech/en/articles/16826218-based-bot-tutorial-your-first-trade-from-scratch . October 2026. Secondary (third-party tutorial for a bot of the same name; the match to the linked bot was not confirmed).
  72. BeInCrypto, on the ChatGPT trading-bot thread. https://beincrypto.com/crypto-trader-chatgpt-trading-bot/ . 2024-04-25. Secondary (news report on the thread), read on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch was refused.
  73. FCA press release on charges against social-media promoters of a trading scheme. https://fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/finfluencers-charged-promoting-unauthorised-trading-scheme . 2024-05-16. Secondary: search listing only. On 2026-10-07 the address returned the FCA news index, not the release.
  74. Ghosh, Li and Zhang, "When Human Meet Algorithm: the Adoption and Impact of Retail Algorithmic Trading". https://afajof.org/management/viewp.php?n=152460 . Working paper, 2025-03-15. Read at source on 2026-10-07 (text extracted from the PDF; abstract and pages around Table 2).
  75. HTX news, repost of an analysis by Stacy Muur of Hyperliquid addresses. https://www.htx.com/news/data-75-of-traders-on-hyperliquid-are-losing-money-what-are-R2h1lIXH/ . 2026-05-20. Secondary, read on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. No sample size or method given.
  76. Two academic live trading tests of AI models: "When Agents Trade: Live Multi-Market Trading Benchmark for LLM Agents", https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11695 , 2025-10-13; and "LiveTradeBench: Seeking Real-World Alpha with Large Language Models", https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03628 , 2025-11-05. Abstracts read at source on 2026-10-07; the full papers were not read.
  77. Cointelegraph, on the POPCAT trades and the loss to Hyperliquid's HLP pool. https://cointelegraph.com/news/hyperliquid-hlp-popcat-attack-3m-wipeout . 2025-11-13. Secondary (news report), read on 2026-10-07.
  78. FCA, "FCA opens retail access to crypto ETNs". https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-opens-retail-access-crypto-etns . 2025-08-01. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  79. Trading Strategy, data file of vaults by chain, https://top-defi-vaults.tradingstrategy.ai/top_vaults_by_chain.json (file generated 2026-10-07), and Hyperliquid vault listing, https://tradingstrategy.ai/trading-view/vaults/chains/hyperliquid (data updated 2026-10-07). Read at source on 2026-10-07. Third-party analytics from public chain data. Shares, medians and percentiles are our estimate computed from the file; the file appears to include only vaults that at some point held about $5,000 or more (the smallest peak value among its Hyperliquid vaults is exactly $5,000).
  80. Trading Strategy, Growi HF vault page. https://tradingstrategy.ai/trading-view/vaults/growi-hf . Live page, 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-07 (page through a summarising tool; figures also read from the data file at [79]).
  81. Hyperliquid docs, for vault leaders. https://hyperliquid.gitbook.io/hyperliquid-docs/hypercore/vaults/for-vault-leaders . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader (fee shown: 10k USDC). Archived copy of the same page, https://web.archive.org/web/20260209055421/https://hyperliquid.gitbook.io/hyperliquid-docs/hypercore/vaults/for-vault-leaders , captured 2026-02-09, read at source on 2026-10-07 (fee shown: 100 USDC); the April and June 2025 captures were reported by a reviewer and not re-opened.
  82. Hyperliquid, public leaderboard data file. https://stats-data.hyperliquid.xyz/Mainnet/leaderboard . Live file, 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-07. All counts and shares are our estimate from the file; its inclusion rule is not documented.
  83. Hyperliquid, public vault data file. https://stats-data.hyperliquid.xyz/Mainnet/vaults . Live file, 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-07. All counts are our estimate; we read the last value of each vault's all-time series as its total profit in dollars, which is not documented.
  84. Bloomberg News, analysis of profits and losses of Polymarket wallets. https://news.bgov.com/crypto/prediction-market-users-suffer-broad-losses-as-bots-reap-gains . 2026-04-28. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader: first paragraphs only; the rest is paywalled.
  85. Newser, summarising the Bloomberg analysis at [84]. https://www.newser.com/story/388532/polymarkets-biggest-winners-arent-human.html . 2026-05-10. Secondary.
  86. Academic paper on arbitrage carried out on Polymarket (authors at IMDEA Networks and Oxford). https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03474 (full text at https://arxiv.org/html/2508.03474v1 ). 2025-08-05. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  87. CoinDesk, on AI agents trading on prediction markets. https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2026/03/15/ai-agents-are-quietly-rewriting-prediction-market-trading . 2026-03-15. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. The figures are a vendor's own statement.
  88. Darwinex home page. https://www.darwinex.com/ . Undated live page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. Platform-recorded returns, shown before investors' fees; yearly rates and yearly fee income are our estimate.
  89. Traders Union, on Darwinex's December 2025 allocation results. https://tradersunion.com/news/brokers-news/show/1250805-darwinia-results-highlight-global/ . 2026-01-11. Secondary (trade news site; its link to the programme is an affiliate link).
  90. Collective2 leaderboard. https://collective2.com/leader-board . Live page, 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. Platform-tracked; every listed manager sells subscriptions.
  91. World Cup Trading Championships standings. https://www.worldcupchampionships.com/world-cup-trading-championship-standings . Live page, standings to 2026-10-06. Read at source on 2026-10-07 directly and through the r.jina.ai reader. Standings are subject to the organiser's final audit.
  92. Numerai home page, https://numer.ai/ , and staking rules, https://docs.numer.ai/numerai-tournament/staking . Undated pages. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. Company's own figures.
  93. WorldQuant BRAIN. https://www.worldquant.com/brain/ . Undated live page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. Company's own figures; the share is our estimate.
  94. Polymarket docs, liquidity rewards. https://docs.polymarket.com/developers/market-makers/liquidity-rewards . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader.
  95. Sahi blog, on SEBI's FY26 study. https://www.sahi.com/blogs/sebi-fy26-fo-report-retail-traders . 2026-08-20. Secondary (summary of the regulator's report), read on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader.
  96. "StockBench", a test of AI agents on real 2025 stock prices. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02209 . 2025-10-02, revised 2026-03-02. Abstract read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; the full paper was not read.
  97. Paper on two fleets of user-funded AI trading agents (DX Terminal and DXAP). https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05663 . 2026-09-04. Abstract read at source on 2026-10-07. Preprint; the authors appear to operate the platforms studied.
  98. Arrakis (a market-making firm), study of who trades on seven Hyperliquid markets, https://arrakis.finance/blog/who-is-trading-on-hip3 , 2026-04-08, and its study of Trade.xyz, https://arrakis.finance/blog/trade-xyz , 2026-04-29. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. Dates are from a search listing; the pages show none. The firm sells market-making services.
  99. Bitquery, study of how much of Polymarket is machine-run. https://bitquery.io/investigations/how-much-of-polymarket-is-bots . 2026-08-20. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader. The firm sells blockchain data.
  100. Telonex, on top traders in Polymarket's 15-minute crypto markets. https://telonex.io/research/top-crypto-traders-polymarket-15m . 2026-02-13. Read at source on 2026-10-07. The firm sells prediction-market data.
  101. Hyperliquid docs, funding. https://hyperliquid.gitbook.io/hyperliquid-docs/trading/funding . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07. The 10-times-leverage sums are our estimate.
  102. Binance futures fee schedule. https://www.binance.com/en/fee/futureFee . Undated page. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; a direct fetch showed no records. The round-trip sum is our estimate.
  103. DigitalOcean server pricing, https://www.digitalocean.com/pricing/droplets (read through a summarising tool), and Alpaca market-data plans, https://alpaca.markets/data (read through the r.jina.ai reader). Undated pages. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  104. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, article on how trying many strategy versions produces good backtests by chance. https://www.ams.org/notices/201405/rnoti-p458.pdf . May 2014. Read at source on 2026-10-07.
  105. Wikipedia, "Quantopian". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantopian . Read on 2026-10-07 through a summarising tool (events 2016 to 2020). Secondary; the news reports behind it were not opened.
  106. ai2.work blog, on Alpha Arena's seasons. https://ai2.work/blog/ai-trading-bots-hand-retail-investors-real-hedge-fund-tooling . 2026-08-05. Secondary, read on 2026-10-07 through the r.jina.ai reader; not checked against the organiser.
  107. Bitsgap blog, first-half 2026 results. https://bitsgap.com/blog/bots-that-delivered-bitsgaps-h1-2026-results-revealed . 2026-07-24. Read at source on 2026-10-07 through a summarising tool. Seller's own figures.